Markit Economics.com

About Markit Economics
Markit Economics is one of the world's largest specialist providers of original economic research, and publishes a range of unique and highly regarded monthly and quarterly reports on business conditions. The worlds financial markets, central banks, government departments and corporate sector analysts are all extensive users of PMI data.

Our best-known product is the monthly Purchasing Managers' Index which has become established in all the major economies of the world as an authoritative and leading indicator of business conditions. Parallel with this are monthly and quarterly surveys of corporate profitablility, productivity, labour market trends, gross domestic product indicators and cyclical indicators of economic activity.

The recognised accuracy and reliability of these products reflect Markit Economics research and analytical skills, and illustrate its market-leading ability to produce high profile market-moving data.

Markit Economics is a division of the Information Sciences Ltd group of companies. Its sister company, the World Advertising Research Center (WARC), publishes over 100 business titles every year.

Markit Economics Data Accuracy
By the use of modern market research methods, PMI data can be produced much more quickly than that from other sources. The release of the Manufacturing PMI on the first business day of each month represents that first indication of the direction of the economy

PMI data are based on surveys of what is actually happening at an individual company level. They are not concerned with opinions or forecasts.

Because the same methodology is used internationally, data are directly comparable between countries and regions.

With almost 100 survey years of experience now clocked up, and with the indexes tested against reality every month by banks and economic analysts worldwide, the inescapable conclusion is that they work very well as advance indicators. Central bankers in the EU and US now depend on the data to make interest rate decisions.

The PMI data are a reliable predictor of official data.
Click here to view international comparisons.

In many cases it is not possible to compare PMI data with official data to prove their accuracy. This is simply because no official data exist. Markit Economics has broken new ground in business survey coverage, most notably in the development of service sector surveys. The service sector is largely ignored by official statistical bodies in many important countries. However, the service sector represents a major proportion of total gross domestic product in almost all developed economies.

About PMI Data
Markit Economics is one of the world's largest producers of macro-economic data, providing Government, bankers (commercial, central and investment) and other financial corporations worldwide with high quality, timely and internationally comparable data.


Key features of PMI data series are:

 


At 53.6 in December, up from 53.2 in November, the Global Manufacturing PMI posted a reading above the no-change mark of 50.0 for the eighteenth successive month. However, for the final quarter of 2004, the PMI pointed (on average) to an easing in the rate of growth from the joint-survey record high seen in Q2 2004. The majority of the national manufacturing economies recorded slower growth in Q4 2004 than in the previous quarter.


GDP Indicators
Markit Economics PMI-based GDP indicators are released on the third working day of each month for all main European economies. They act as reliable indicators of final GDP figures from official sources. In the UK, for example, the GDP indicator anticipated recent upward revisions to early-2003 growth. Click here for further information.

European productivity Indicators
The Markit Economics Productivity Indicators provide timely information on the current trends of private sector productivity in the UK, Germany, France and Italy. The indicators are derived from data collected from the panel of 1,300 UK companies and a further 5,200 Eurozone firms that participate in the Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) surveys of business conditions across Europe.

Click
here for the latest press release


Japanese PMI
The Japanese PMI fell for the fifth month in a row in December, dropping from 51.3 in November to an eighteen-month low of 50.6 after adjustment for seasonal factors. The PMI signalled only a marginal improvement in manufacturing sector business conditions after being dragged down by falling levels of output new business.

Output fell for the first time in nineteen months in December (albeit modestly) as manufacturers scaled back production in response to a second successive monthly drop in new orders. Lower levels of incoming new business principally reflected a fall in new export orders. Staffing levels, meanwhile, rose at a marginal rate which was less marked than that recorded in November.

To view our research note on the Japanese PMI please click one of the following links:
Japanese version, English version.


Japan PMI survey review
The Nomura/JMMA Japanese PMI survey has accurately anticipated the buoyancy of recent industrial production and GDP data. Click here to view our Survey Review, comparing the PMI indices against official data.

Markit Economics
HomeAbout usPanel MembersHelp

Press centre
Data coverage
Release dates
Data accuracy
About PMI data

PMI Report on Construction

Contents
   
Introduction
   Data Release
   Calculation of Indexes
   The Construction Report Indexes: What's Monitored?
   Additional Questions
   Revisions to Weights
   Further Information





INTRODUCTION
The PMI Reports on Construction are monthly publications researched and published by Markit Economics. The surveys use panels of around 150 regularly participating companies to monitor trends in business conditions in the private sector construction economy. Data were first collected in April 1997 for the UK PMI Report on Construction.

Back to top




DATA RELEASE
Data are usually released on the second working day of each month. A full list of release dates/times can be found by
clicking here.

Back to top




CALCULATION OF INDEXES
Each response received is weighted each month according to the size of the company to which the questionnaire refers. This therefore ensures that replies from larger companies have a greater impact on the final index numbers than replies from small companies.

The results are presented by question asked, showing the percentage of respondents reporting an improvement, deterioration or no change on the previous month. From these percentages, an index is derived such that a level of 50.0 signals no change on the previous month. Above 50.0 signals an increase (or improvement), below 50.0 a decrease (or deterioration). The greater the divergence from 50.0, the greater the rate of change signalled.

The indexes are calculated by assigning weights to the percentages: the percentage of respondents reporting an 'improvement/increase' are given a weight of 1.0, the percentage reporting 'no-change' are given a weight of 0.5 and the percentage reporting a 'deterioration/decrease' are given a weight of 0.0. Thus, if 100% of the survey panel report an 'increase', the index would read 100. If 100% reported 'no-change' the index would read 50 (100 x 0.5), and so on.

Each diffusion index is seasonally adjusted to allow for expected movements in each series arising from anticipated events such as Christmas and holidays.

Back to top




THE CONSTRUCTION REPORT: WHAT'S MONITORED?
In the Report on Construction, panel members are asked to respond on the following key areas of their businesses:
  • Total Construction Activity
  • New Business
  • Employment
  • Quantity of Purchases
  • Suppliers' Delivery Times
  • Input Prices
  • Future Activity
  • Sub-Contracting
Total Construction Activity
The headline indicator in the Report on Construction, the Construction PMI, is derived from panel members’ responses the to the question: “Please compare the level of total construction activity this month with the situation one month ago.” Unlike a manufacturing company, which produces tangible goods, it is difficult to define the 'output' of a construction company. Thus, construction sector panel members are invited to use the measure of business activity most applicable to their business and which most closely corresponds to the definition of output. Respondents are also asked to provide a breakdown for the following three types of activity:
  • Housing
  • Commercial
  • Civil Engineering


New Orders
A New Orders Index is calculated from the question: “Please compare the level of new received this month with the situation one month ago”. Whereas the Construction PMI measures how busy a company is, this question measures the rate of growth of new business and thereby provides an indication of the level of demand. Thus, a construction firm may be working on an existing project and operating at full capacity (so their level of activity may be the same as in the previous month) but new projects are secured at an increasing rate, meaning that the company would have to increase capacity soon to prevent a build up of outstanding work.


Employment
An Employment Index is calculated from the question: “Please compare the level of employment at your unit this month with the situation one month ago”. Respondents are asked to treat two part-time staff as one full-time employee and ignore seasonal or temporary hirings.


Quantity of Goods Purchased
A Quantity of Purchases Index is calculated from the question: “Please compare the quantity of materials purchased this month with the situation one month ago”. This question provides some further indication of capacity and efficiency. When viewed alongside the data on output, it gives an indication as to whether firms are keen to raise or lower inventory levels, or whether operations are running on a just-in-time basis.


Suppliers' Delivery Times
A Suppliers’ Delivery Times Index is calculated from the question: “Please compare your suppliers' delivery times (volume weighted) this month with the situation one month ago”. If average lead-times for inputs from suppliers has lengthened, then firms will indicate that delivery times are slower than in the previous month.


Input Prices
An Input Prices Index is calculated from the question: “Please compare the price of your purchases this month with the situation one month ago”. The Index specifically measures the cost of the materials purchased for use in construction projects. For the purposes of this question, fuel is also defined as an input.


Future Activity
A Future Business Activity Index is calculated from the question: “In twelve months’ time, do you expect the overall level of activity at your business unit to be higher, the same or lower than now?” The definition of overall activity used is the same as that used in the question relating to current levels of business activity.


Sub-Contracting
Respondents are asked to compare with the current situation for the following four variables with the situation one month ago:
  • Sub-Contractor Usage
    This question gives an indication of the level of demand for sub-contractors by construction firms.
  • Quality of Sub-Contractors
    This question gauges the overall quality of work by sub-contractors , as seen by construction firms.
  • Availability of Sub-Contractors
    Measures the availability of sub-contractors. In the short term, when demand for sub-contractors is strong, their reported availability will diminish.
  • Rates Charged by Sub-Contractors
    This question gives an indication as to whether the rates charges by sub-contractors is rising, falling or remaining constant. In times of strong and deteriorating availability, the rates charged by sub-contractors tend to increase.

Back to top




ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
As well as the main questions outlined above, the construction report also contains information on the following key issues concerning the construction sector:
  • Items in short supply
    Lists those construction materials that panel members have identified as being in short supply during the month.
  • Items up in price
    Lists those items which panel members have identified as being higher in price than a month ago;
  • Items down in price
    Lists those items which panel members have identified as being lower in price than a month ago;
  • Sub-Contractors in short supply
    Lists type of sub-contractors that panel members have identified as being in short supply

Back to top




REVISIONS TO WEIGHTS
The weights used in the production of the survey are revised as frequently as the publication of official data allows, ensuring that the panel structures and index weighting data are always the most up-to-date and accurate.

Back to top




FURTHER INFORMATION
Further information can be obtained from:

Gemma Wallace, Markit Economics,
tel: +44(0)1491 418 675,
email
gemma.wallace@markit.com

Luke Thompson, Markit Economics,
tel: (0)1491 418 626
email luke.thompson@markit.com

Markit Economics German desk, tel: +44 (0)1491 418 653
Markit Economics French desk, tel: +44 (0)1491 418 655
Markit Economics Italian desk, tel: +44 (0)1491 418 634

Back to top




Information

Link to Purchasing
   Associations


Interpreting PMI data

The Global PMI

PMI-based GDP
   indicators


Eurozone
   PMI Methodology


Manufacturing PMI
   Methodology


Services PMI
   Methodology


Construction PMI
   Methodology


Japanese PMI FAQ
   

All Intellectual Property Rights owned by Markit