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About Markit Economics
Markit Economics is one of the world's largest specialist providers of original economic research, and publishes a range of unique and highly regarded monthly and quarterly reports on business conditions. The world’s financial markets, central banks, government departments and corporate sector analysts are all extensive users of PMI data.

Our best-known product is the monthly Purchasing Managers' Index which has become established in all the major economies of the world as an authoritative and leading indicator of business conditions. Parallel with this are monthly and quarterly surveys of corporate profitablility, productivity, labour market trends, gross domestic product indicators and cyclical indicators of economic activity.

The recognised accuracy and reliability of these products reflect Markit Economics research and analytical skills, and illustrate its market-leading ability to produce high profile market-moving data.

Markit Economics is a division of the Information Sciences Ltd group of companies. Its sister company, the World Advertising Research Center (WARC), publishes over 100 business titles every year.

Markit Economics Data Accuracy
By the use of modern market research methods, PMI data can be produced much more quickly than that from other sources. The release of the Manufacturing PMI on the first business day of each month represents that first indication of the direction of the economy

PMI data are based on surveys of what is actually happening at an individual company level. They are not concerned with opinions or forecasts.

Because the same methodology is used internationally, data are directly comparable between countries and regions.

With almost 100 survey years of experience now clocked up, and with the indexes tested against reality every month by banks and economic analysts worldwide, the inescapable conclusion is that they work very well as advance indicators. Central bankers in the EU and US now depend on the data to make interest rate decisions.

The PMI data are a reliable predictor of official data.
Click here to view international comparisons.

In many cases it is not possible to compare PMI data with official data to prove their accuracy. This is simply because no official data exist. Markit Economics has broken new ground in business survey coverage, most notably in the development of service sector surveys. The service sector is largely ignored by official statistical bodies in many important countries. However, the service sector represents a major proportion of total gross domestic product in almost all developed economies.

About PMI Data
Markit Economics is one of the world's largest producers of macro-economic data, providing Government, bankers (commercial, central and investment) and other financial corporations worldwide with high quality, timely and internationally comparable data.


Key features of PMI data series are:

 


At 53.6 in December, up from 53.2 in November, the Global Manufacturing PMI posted a reading above the no-change mark of 50.0 for the eighteenth successive month. However, for the final quarter of 2004, the PMI pointed (on average) to an easing in the rate of growth from the joint-survey record high seen in Q2 2004. The majority of the national manufacturing economies recorded slower growth in Q4 2004 than in the previous quarter.


GDP Indicators
Markit Economics PMI-based GDP indicators are released on the third working day of each month for all main European economies. They act as reliable indicators of final GDP figures from official sources. In the UK, for example, the GDP indicator anticipated recent upward revisions to early-2003 growth. Click here for further information.

European productivity Indicators
The Markit Economics Productivity Indicators provide timely information on the current trends of private sector productivity in the UK, Germany, France and Italy. The indicators are derived from data collected from the panel of 1,300 UK companies and a further 5,200 Eurozone firms that participate in the Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) surveys of business conditions across Europe.

Click
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Japanese PMI
The Japanese PMI fell for the fifth month in a row in December, dropping from 51.3 in November to an eighteen-month low of 50.6 after adjustment for seasonal factors. The PMI signalled only a marginal improvement in manufacturing sector business conditions after being dragged down by falling levels of output new business.

Output fell for the first time in nineteen months in December (albeit modestly) as manufacturers scaled back production in response to a second successive monthly drop in new orders. Lower levels of incoming new business principally reflected a fall in new export orders. Staffing levels, meanwhile, rose at a marginal rate which was less marked than that recorded in November.

To view our research note on the Japanese PMI please click one of the following links:
Japanese version, English version.


Japan PMI survey review
The Nomura/JMMA Japanese PMI survey has accurately anticipated the buoyancy of recent industrial production and GDP data. Click here to view our Survey Review, comparing the PMI indices against official data.

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About PMI data

Diary of Release Dates

To receive data from the releases, journalists can access the Markit Economics press centre via the link on the right. Other data users can subscribe to the reports via the link on the right

Release dates:
As a general rule, manufacturing PMI surveys are always released on the first working day of each month, construction PMIs on the second working day and services PMIs on the third working day.

Note: all times are UK time.
* released 30 minutes earlier on Reuters

All figures are 50 = no-change diffusion indices unless otherwise specified



Country/Product
Previously published figure
20 November 2008 09:30
European Union: Markit EU Productivity PMI
 
49.5

21 November 2008 08:30*
France: Markit / CDAF Flash France PMI
 
 

21 November 2008 09:00*
Germany: Markit Flash Germany PMI
 
 

21 November 2008 09:30*
Eurozone: Markit Flash Eurozone PMI
 
 

27 November 2008 09:10
Germany: Bloomberg Germany Retail PMI
 
46.7

27 November 2008 09:10
France: Bloomberg France Retail PMI
 
48.5

27 November 2008 09:10
Italy: Bloomberg Italy Retail PMI
 
34.8

27 November 2008 09:10
Eurozone: Bloomberg Eurozone Retail PMI
 
44.3

27 November 2008 09:30*
Austria: Bank Austria Manufacturing PMI
 
43.4

27 November 2008 23:15
Japan: Nomura / JMMA Japan Manufacturing PMI
 
42.2

30 November 2008 16:31*
Hong Kong: Markit Hong Kong Composite PMI
 
43.1

1 December 2008 01:30*
Netherlands: NEVI / DPA Netherlands Manufacturing PMI
 
45.3

1 December 2008 02:30
China: CLSA China Manufacturing PMI
 
45.2

1 December 2008 05:30*
India: ABN AMRO India Manufacturing PMI
 
46.4

1 December 2008 05:30*
Russia: Russian Manufacturing PMI
 
41.0

1 December 2008 08:00
Turkey: ABN AMRO Turkey Manufacturing PMI
 
52.2

1 December 2008 08:30*
Ireland: NCB Republic of Ireland Manufacturing PMI
 
40.8

1 December 2008 08:30*
Poland: RBS Poland Manufacturing PMI
 
43.7

1 December 2008 08:45*
Spain: Markit Spain Manufacturing PMI
 
39.7

1 December 2008 09:00*
Czech Republic: ABN AMRO Czech Republic Manufacturing PMI
 
34.6

1 December 2008 09:15*
Italy: Markit / ADACI Italy Manufacturing PMI
 
41.2

1 December 2008 09:20*
France: Markit / CDAF France Manufacturing PMI
 
39.7

1 December 2008 09:25*
Germany: Markit / BME Germany Manufacturing PMI
 
40.6

1 December 2008 09:30*
Eurozone: Markit Eurozone Manufacturing PMI
 
42.9

1 December 2008 09:30*
Greece: Markit Greece Manufacturing PMI
 
48.1

1 December 2008 10:00*
UK: CIPS / Markit UK Manufacturing PMI
 
41.1

1 December 2008 10:00
Australia: AiG and PricewaterhouseCoopers PMI
 
41.5

1 December 2008 12:00
Brazil: Banco Real Brazil Manufacturing PMI
 
40.4

1 December 2008 16:00
Global: JPMorgan Global Manufacturing PMI
 
45.7

2 December 2008 09:30
UK: CIPS / Markit UK Construction PMI
 
35.1

3 December 2008 00:01
UK: KPMG / REC Report on Jobs
 
33.2

3 December 2008 05:30*
Russia: Russian Services PMI
 
47.4

3 December 2008 08:30*
Ireland: NCB Republic of Ireland Services PMI
 
36.1

3 December 2008 08:45*
Spain: Markit Spain Services PMI
 
32.2

3 December 2008 09:15*
Italy: Markit / ADACI Italy Services PMI
 
45.7

3 December 2008 09:20*
France: Markit / CDAF France Services PMI
 
47.5

3 December 2008 09:20*
France: Markit / CDAF France Composite PMI
 
44.0

3 December 2008 09:25*
Germany: Markit Germany Services PMI
 
48.3

3 December 2008 09:25*
Germany: Markit Germany Composite PMI
 
45.3

3 December 2008 09:30*
Eurozone: Markit Eurozone Services PMI
 
45.8

3 December 2008 09:30*
Eurozone: Markit Eurozone Manufacturing & Services PMI
 
43.6

3 December 2008 10:00*
UK: CIPS / Markit UK Services PMI
 
42.4

3 December 2008 10:00
Australia: AiG and Commonwealth Bank PSI
 
42.1

3 December 2008 16:00
Global: JPMorgan Global Services PMI
 
44.2

3 December 2008 16:00
Global: JPMorgan Global Manufacturing & Services PMI
 
43.1

4 December 2008 05:00
Russia: Russian GDP Indicator
 
48.0

4 December 2008 08:30
Germany: Markit Germany Construction PMI
 
43.1

8 December 2008 00:01
UK Regions: The Royal Bank of Scotland Regional PMIs
 
 

8 December 2008 00:01
Ireland: Ulster Bank Republic of Ireland Construction PMI
 
31.4

10 December 2008 00:01
UK: Savills Commercial Development Activity Report
 
25.2

16 December 2008 08:30*
France: Markit / CDAF Flash France PMI
 
 

16 December 2008 09:00*
Germany: Markit Flash Germany PMI
 
 

16 December 2008 09:30*
Eurozone: Markit Flash Eurozone PMI
 
 

18 December 2008 09:30
European Union: Markit EU Productivity PMI
 
49.5

30 December 2008 09:10
Germany: Bloomberg Germany Retail PMI
 
46.7

30 December 2008 09:10
France: Bloomberg France Retail PMI
 
48.5

30 December 2008 09:10
Italy: Bloomberg Italy Retail PMI
 
34.8

30 December 2008 09:10
Eurozone: Bloomberg Eurozone Retail PMI
 
44.3

30 December 2008 09:30*
Austria: Bank Austria Manufacturing PMI
 
43.4

30 December 2008 23:15
Japan: Nomura / JMMA Japan Manufacturing PMI
 
42.2

1 January 2009 16:31*
Hong Kong: Markit Hong Kong Composite PMI
 
43.1

2 January 2009 01:30*
Netherlands: NEVI / DPA Netherlands Manufacturing PMI
 
45.3

2 January 2009 02:30
China: CLSA China Manufacturing PMI
 
45.2

2 January 2009 05:30*
India: ABN AMRO India Manufacturing PMI
 
46.4

2 January 2009 05:30*
Russia: Russian Manufacturing PMI
 
41.0

2 January 2009 08:00
Turkey: ABN AMRO Turkey Manufacturing PMI
 
52.2

2 January 2009 08:30*
Ireland: NCB Republic of Ireland Manufacturing PMI
 
40.8

2 January 2009 08:30*
Poland: RBS Poland Manufacturing PMI
 
43.7

2 January 2009 08:45*
Spain: Markit Spain Manufacturing PMI
 
39.7

2 January 2009 09:00*
Czech Republic: ABN AMRO Czech Republic Manufacturing PMI
 
34.6

2 January 2009 09:15*
Italy: Markit / ADACI Italy Manufacturing PMI
 
41.2

2 January 2009 09:20*
France: Markit / CDAF France Manufacturing PMI
 
39.7

2 January 2009 09:25*
Germany: Markit / BME Germany Manufacturing PMI
 
40.6

2 January 2009 09:30*
Eurozone: Markit Eurozone Manufacturing PMI
 
42.9

2 January 2009 09:30*
Greece: Markit Greece Manufacturing PMI
 
48.1

2 January 2009 10:00*
UK: CIPS / Markit UK Manufacturing PMI
 
41.1

2 January 2009 10:00
Australia: AiG and PricewaterhouseCoopers PMI
 
41.5

2 January 2009 12:00
Brazil: Banco Real Brazil Manufacturing PMI
 
40.4

2 January 2009 16:00
Global: JPMorgan Global Manufacturing PMI
 
45.7

5 January 2009 09:30
UK: CIPS / Markit UK Construction PMI
 
35.1

6 January 2009 05:30*
Russia: Russian Services PMI
 
47.4

6 January 2009 08:30*
Ireland: NCB Republic of Ireland Services PMI
 
36.1

6 January 2009 08:45*
Spain: Markit Spain Services PMI
 
32.2

6 January 2009 09:15*
Italy: Markit / ADACI Italy Services PMI
 
45.7

6 January 2009 09:20*
France: Markit / CDAF France Services PMI
 
47.5

6 January 2009 09:20*
France: Markit / CDAF France Composite PMI
 
44.0

6 January 2009 09:25*
Germany: Markit Germany Services PMI
 
48.3

6 January 2009 09:25*
Germany: Markit Germany Composite PMI
 
45.3

6 January 2009 09:30*
Eurozone: Markit Eurozone Services PMI
 
45.8

6 January 2009 09:30*
Eurozone: Markit Eurozone Manufacturing & Services PMI
 
43.6

6 January 2009 10:00*
UK: CIPS / Markit UK Services PMI
 
42.4

6 January 2009 10:00
Australia: AiG and Commonwealth Bank PSI
 
42.1

6 January 2009 16:00
Global: JPMorgan Global Services PMI
 
44.2

6 January 2009 16:00
Global: JPMorgan Global Manufacturing & Services PMI
 
43.1

7 January 2009 05:00
Russia: Russian GDP Indicator
 
48.0

7 January 2009 08:30
Germany: Markit Germany Construction PMI
 
43.1

9 January 2009 00:01
UK: KPMG / REC Report on Jobs
 
33.2

12 January 2009 00:01
UK Regions: The Royal Bank of Scotland Regional PMIs
 
 

12 January 2009 00:01
Ireland: Ulster Bank Republic of Ireland Construction PMI
 
31.4

12 January 2009 00:01
UK: IPA Bellwether Report
 
--22.8%

13 January 2009 00:01
UK: Savills Commercial Development Activity Report
 
25.2

15 January 2009 09:30
European Union: Markit EU Productivity PMI
 
49.5

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